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- <text id=92TT1744>
- <title>
- Aug. 03, 1992: Reviews:Art
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Aug. 03, 1992 AIDS: Losing the Battle
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- REVIEWS, Page 68
- ART
- A Passion For Islands
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Robert Hughes
- </p>
- <qt>
- <l>EXHIBIT: "THE PAINTINGS OF GEORGE BELLOWS"</l>
- <l>WHERE: Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City</l>
- <l>WHAT: 70 Portraits, Landscapes and Urban Scenes</l>
- </qt>
- <p> THE BOTTOM LINE: A wide-ranging show celebrates the
- painter's gusty talent.
- </p>
- <p> Energetic, full of juice, brilliant in flashes but in the
- long haul a most uneven talent, George Bellows died of
- appendicitis in 1925 at the age of 42 with a reputation among
- Americans that was not going to survive.
- </p>
- <p> He appealed to "sound" taste in his day--and then got
- flattened from behind by the avant-garde as it developed after
- the 1913 Armory Show, which he had helped organize: roadkill,
- as it were, on art history's Route 66. He didn't quite have the
- empirical genius of the older Winslow Homer, to whom his early
- work strongly relates; nor did he quite possess the visionary
- force of Marsden Hartley, with whom he shared a love of
- romantic, elemental images--sea, rock, the buffeting air of
- Maine.
- </p>
- <p> What he did have (but began to lose in his early 30s) was
- an abundant response to the physical world, a libidinous sense
- of fat-nuanced paint, sure tonal structure and a narrative
- passion for the density of life in New York City.
- </p>
- <p> If these attributes couldn't turn him into a major
- modernist, they certainly make him an artist worth revisiting.
- Hence the retrospective of paintings jointly organized by the
- Los Angeles County Museum of Art and the Amon Carter Museum in
- Fort Worth, which runs at the Whitney Museum in New York City
- until the end of August.
- </p>
- <p> Bellows studied at the New York School of Art under Robert
- Henri, the American realist disciple of Frans Hals and Edouard
- Manet. "My life begins at this point," he said of his
- apprenticeship to Henri. He soon developed a tough, pragmatic
- repertoire based on realist drawing and tonal composition. He
- was by far the most gifted younger member of the Ashcan School,
- a loose group that included John Sloan, George Luks and William
- Glackens. Not one of them ever painted an ash can, but they did
- believe, in a general way, that the artist should work from life
- as it was lived in the big dirty city and stay away from
- highfalutin symbolism.
- </p>
- <p> Their gods were Manet, Daumier, Goya and Hals; among
- Americans, Homer and Eakins. None were more direct than Bellows,
- who in the peak years of his youth became the entranced recorder
- of New York, the "real" city of tough mudlarking kids, of
- crowded tenements and teeming icy streets, of big bridges and
- sudden breaks in the wall of buildings that revealed tugboats
- and a dragging tide.
- </p>
- <p> Bellows' most powerful image of the city as compressor of
- violence was the boxing ring. Prizefighting was made illegal in
- New York State in 1900. But that did not dispose of the
- semi-clandestine "club nights," with battling pugs drawn from
- the hard, desperate edge of Irish, Polish, Italian and Jewish
- street gangs--kids who would pound each other to hash for a
- purse under the eyes of a flushed, yelling house. The sport was
- barely a notch up from the bareknuckle slugging of Georgian
- England.
- </p>
- <p> Starting in 1907, Bellows made a small series of boxing
- pictures, of which the most gripping is Stag at Sharkey's
- (1909), an image of orgiastic energy, the boxers' faces reduced
- to speed blurs of bloody paint, the bodies starkly gleaming
- under the carbide lights, locked in a triangle, the strain of
- muscles so assimilated into the physical life of the
- paintstrokes that the pigment runs over their contours. Bellows'
- contemporaries found such images "Hogarthian," but the closer
- ancestor of Stag at Sharkey's is late Goya. In particular the
- frieze of spectators' heads, yelling, gaping, sly, stupefied,
- brings to mind the faces in Goya's Witches' Sabbath or his
- Pilgrimage to the Miraculous Fountain of San Isidro.
- </p>
- <p> Nevertheless, some of Bellows' finest paintings were set
- on an island at the farthest possible remove from Manhattan:
- Monhegan, on the Maine coast, where his idol Winslow Homer had
- also painted. Though born and raised in Ohio, Bellows had
- coastal roots--his grandfather was a whaler at Montauk on the
- eastern tip of New York's Long Island--and the Atlantic was
- as fundamental a source of imaginative nourishment to him as it
- had been to Melville or Whitman. "We two and the great sea," he
- wrote to his wife in a moment of romantic exaltation, "and the
- mighty rocks greater than the sea...Four eternities." There
- are times--as in the wonderfully ineloquent An Island in the
- Sea (1911)--when Bellows' vision of the coast, a primal
- geological scene of humped resistant stone lapped around by
- silvery water or great beating green rollers, assumes a poetry
- worthy of Winslow Homer.
- </p>
- <p> The Armory Show--Bellows' first sight of modern European
- painting en masse--seems to have provoked the change that came
- over his work after 1914. Actually, Bellows was given to sudden
- shifts of style, but as the art historian Michael Quick points
- out in the show's useful catalog, his response to the
- transatlantic avant-garde was to get interested in theory, a
- fact that "removes Bellows from the Ashcan School context and
- places him among the modernist painters of his generation."
- </p>
- <p> Unfortunately, it did his art no good. Bellows went for
- the pedantic structure and managed to annul the immediate and
- visceral character of his best work. Hence the generally tedious
- commissioned portraits and the stilted "refinement" of his late
- salon pieces like Two Women, 1924. His labored attempts at
- old-masterly composition in the Baroque manner included a
- melodramatic Crucifixion modeled on El Greco and a hammy image
- of a heroine of World War I anti-Hun propaganda, Nurse Edith
- Cavell preparing to face a German firing squad. The irony was
- that Bellows, in trying to turn himself into a European painter--or what he imagined a sophisticated European artist to be--did succumb to pr
- immersed in a particular place: a very different thing.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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